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CWAP-404 Associate Level Exam, CWAP-404 Certification Torrent

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CWNP CWAP-404 Exam Certification Details:

Recommended Training
CWAP self-paced training kit, Training Class

Duration
90 minutes

Exam Name
Wireless Analysis Professional

Exam Code
CWAP-404 CWAP

Passing Score
70%

Sample Questions
CWNP CWAP-404 Sample Questions

Number of Questions
60

CWNP CWAP-404 Exam Topics:

Section
Objectives

Protocol Analysis - 15%

Capture 802.11 frames using the appropriate methods
- Select capture devices

Laptop protocol analyzers
APs, controllers, and other management solutions
Specialty devices (hand-held analyzers and custom-built devices)

- Install monitor mode drivers
- Select capture location(s)
- Capture sufficient data for analysis
- Capture all channels or capture on a single channel as needed
- Capture roaming events

Understand and apply the common capture configuration parameters available in protocol analysis tools
- Save to disk
- Packet slicing
- Event triggers
- Buffer options
- Channels and channel widths
- Capture filters
- Channel scanning and dwell time

Analyze 802.11 frame captures to discover problems and find solutions
- Use appropriate display filters to view relevant frames and packets
- Use colorization to highlight important frames and packets
- Configure and display columns for analysis purposes
- View frame and packet decodes while understanding the information shown and applying it to the analysis process
- Use multiple adapters and channel aggregation to view captures from multiple channels
- Implement protocol analyzer decryption procedures
- View and use a capture’s statistical information for analysis
- Use expert mode for analysis
- View and understand peer maps as they relate to communications analysis

Utilize additional tools that capture 802.11 frames for analysis and troubleshooting
- WLAN scanners and discovery tools
- Protocol capture visualization and analysis tools
- Centralized monitoring, alerting, and forensic tools

Ensure appropriate troubleshooting methods are used with all analysis types
- Define the problem
- Determine the scale of the problem
- Identify probable causes
- Capture and analyze the data
- Observe the problem
- Choose appropriate remediation steps
- Document the problem and resolution

Spectrum Analysis - 10%

Capture RF spectrum data and understand the common views available in spectrum analyzers
- Install, configure, and use spectrum analysis software and hardware
- Capture RF spectrum data using handheld, laptop-based, and infrastructure spectrum capture solutions
- Understand and use spectrum analyzer views

Real-time FFT
Waterfall, swept spectrogram, density, and historic views
Utilization and duty cycle
Detected devices
WLAN integration views

Analyze spectrum captures to identify relevant RF information and issues
- RF noise floor in an environment
- Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) for a given signal
- Sources of RF interference and their locations
- RF channel utilization
- Non-Wi-Fi transmitters and their impact on WLAN communications
- Overlapping and non-overlapping adjacent channel interference
- Poor performing or faulty radios

Analyze spectrum captures to identify various device signatures
- Identify various 802.11 PHYs

DSSS
OFDM
OFDMA
Channel widths
Primary channel

- Identify non-802.11 devices based on RF behaviors and signatures

Frequency hopping devices
IoT devices
Microwave ovens
Video devices
RF Jammers
Cordless phones

Use centralized spectrum analysis solutions
- AP-based spectrum analysis
- Sensor-based spectrum analysis

PHY Layers and Technologies - 10%

Understand and describe the functions of the PHY layer and the PHY protocol data units (PPDUs)
- DSSS (Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum)
- HR/DSSS (High Rate/Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum)
- OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing)
- ERP (Extended Rate PHY)
- HT (High Throughput)
- VHT (Very High Throughput)
- HE (High Efficiency)

HE SU PPDU
HE MU PPDU
HE ER SU PPDU
HE TB PPDU
HE NULL data packets

Apply the understanding of PHY technologies, including PHY headers, preambles, training fields, frame aggregation, and data rates, to captured data

Identify and use PHY information provided within pseudo-headers in protocol analyzers
- Pseudo-Header formats

Radiotap
Per Packet Information (PPI)

- Key pseudo-header content

Guard intervals
Resource units allocation
PPDU formats
Signal strength
Noise
Data rate and MCS index
Length information
Channel center frequency or received channel
Channel properties

Recognize the limits of protocol analyzers to capture PHY information including NULL data packets and PHY headers

Use appropriate capture devices based on proper understanding of PHY types
- Supported PHYs
- Supported spatial streams

MAC Sublayer and Functions - 25%

Understand frame encapsulation and frame aggregation
- Frame aggregation (A-MSDU and A-MPDU)

Identify and use MAC information in captured data for analysis
- Management, Control, and Data frames
- MAC frame formats and contents

Frame Control field
To DS and From DS fields
Address fields
Frame Check Sequence (FCS) field

- 802.11 Management frame formats

Information Elements
Authentication
Association and Reassociation
Beacon
Prove Request and Probe Response

- Data and QoS Data frame formats
- 802.11 Control frame formats

Acknowledgement (ACK)
Request to Send/Clear to Send (RTS/CTS)
Block Acknowledgement and related frames
Trigger frames
VHT/HE NDP announcements
Multiuser RTS

Validate BSS configuration through protocol analysis
- Country code
- Minimum basic rate
- Supported rates and coding schemes
- Beacon interval
- WMM settings
- RSN settings
- HT/VHT/HE operations
- Channel width
- Primary channel
- Hidden or non-broadcast SSIDs

Identify and analyze CRC error frames and retransmitted frames

WLAN Medium Access - 10%

Understand 802.11 contention algorithms in-depth and know how they impact WLANs
- Distributed Coordination Function (DCF)

Carrier Sense (CS) and Energy Detect (ED)
Network Allocation Vector (NAV)
Contention Windows (CW) and random backoff
Interframe spacing

- Enhanced Distributed Channel Access (EDCA)

EDCA Function (EDCAF)
Access Categories and Queues
Arbitration Interframe Space Number (AIFSN)

- Wi-Fi Multimedia (WMM)

WMM parameters
WMM-Power Save
WMM-Admission Control

Analyze QoS configuration and operations
- Verify QoS parameters in capture files
- Ensure QoS is implemented end-to-end

802.11 Frame Exchanges - 30%

Capture, understand, and analyze BSS discovery and joining frame exchanges
- BSS discovery
- 802.11 Authentication and Association
- 802.1X/EAP exchanges
- Pre-Shared Key authentication
- Four-way handshake
- Group key exchange
- Simultaneous Authentication of Equals (SAE)
- Opportunistic Wireless Encryption (OWE)
- WPA2 and WPA3
- Fast secure roaming mechanisms

Fast BSS Transition (FT) roaming exchanges
Pre-FT roaming exchanges

- Neighbor discovery (802.11k/v)
- Hotspot 2.0 protocols and operations from the client access perspective

ANQP
Initial access

Analyze roaming behavior and resolve problems related to roaming
- Sticky clients
- Excessive roaming
- Channel aggregation for roaming analysis

Analyze data frame exchanges
- Data frames and acknowledgement frames
- RTS/CTS data frame exchanges
- QoS Data frame exchanges
- Block Acknowledgement exchanges

>> CWAP-404 Associate Level Exam <<

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CWNP Certified Wireless Analysis Professional Sample Questions (Q178-Q183):

NEW QUESTION # 178
You require 802.11ac capture solution.
You want to capture using native operating system tools if possible.
What operating system has built-in ability to capture 802.11ac frames assuming it is running on the appropriate laptop hardware?

A. Windows 10
B. Mac OS X
C. Windows 8.1
D. Windows 7

Answer: B

NEW QUESTION # 179
With what access category's parameters are WLAN multicast video frames transmitted when the EDCAF is in use by the transmitting station?

A. AC_VI
B. AC_BE
C. AC_BK
D. AC_VO

Answer: B

NEW QUESTION # 180
You are troubleshooting a client that is experiencing slow WLAN performance. As part of the troubleshooting activity, you start a packet capture on your laptop close to the client device. While analyzing the packets, you suspect that you have not captured all packets transmitted by the client. By analyzing the trace file, how can you confirm if you have missing packets?

A. Retransmission are an indication of missing packets
B. Protocol Analyzers show the number of missing packets in their statistics view
C. Look for gaps in the sequence number in MAC header
D. The missing packets will be shown as CRC errored packets

Answer: C

Explanation:
One way to confirm if you have missing packets in your packet capture is to look for gaps in the sequence number in MAC headers. The sequence number is a 12-bit field in the MAC header that is used to identify and order data frames within a traffic stream. The sequence number is incremented by one for each new data frame transmitted by a STA, except for retransmissions, fragments, and control frames. The sequence number can range from 0 to 4095, and then wraps around to 0. If you see a jump or a gap in the sequence number between two consecutive data frames from the same STA, it means that you have missed some packets in between. The other options are not correct, as they do not confirm if you have missing packets in your packet capture. CRC errored packets are packets that have been corrupted during transmission and have failed the error detection check. Protocol analyzers may show the number of CRC errored packets in their statistics view, but not the number of missing packets. Retransmissions are an indication of packet loss or collision, but not necessarily of missing packets in your capture.

NEW QUESTION # 181
IEEE 802.11-2007 specifies two ERP protection mechanisms: RTS/CTS and CTS-to-Self.
Which statement is true regarding these two protection mechanisms? (Choose 2)

A. RTS and CTS frames are relayed through the access point, whereas the CTS-to-Self frames are not.
B. Use of RTS/CTS requires more overhead than CTS-to-Self due to a higher number of frames transmitted onto the wireless medium.
C. RTS and CTS frames use Short Interframe Spaces (SIFS), and CTS-to-Self frames use PCF Interframe Spaces (PIFS).
D. By definition, all associated client stations in a BSS can hear RTS, CTS, and CTS-to-Self frames, so RTS/CTS and CTS-to-Self mechanisms have equal effectiveness.
E. A CTS-to-Self frame sent by a client station may reach fewer nodes than the RTS/CTS frame exchange.
F. Aside from the Subtype subfield of the Frame Control field, the generic MAC header format of RTS and CTS frames are identical.

Answer: B,E

NEW QUESTION # 182
As it pertains to HT L-SIG TXOP Protection, what statement is true?

A. An L-SIG TXOP protected frame exchange sequence always begins with an RTS/CTS or a CTS- to-Self.
B. L-SIG TXOP Protection is specified for the purpose of protecting OFDM (802.11a/g) and HT- OFDM (802.11n) transmissions from HR/DSSS stations.
C. Support for L-SIG TXOP Protection is indicated by HT stations in the L-SIG field of the PLCP header of HT-mixed format frames.
D. Support for L-SIG TXOP Protection is indicated in the HT Capabilities Info field of (re)association request frames sent by ERP, OFDM, and HT-OFDM stations.

Answer: A

NEW QUESTION # 183
......

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